Cómo manejar CAPTCHA en pruebas de flujo de registro con CaptchaAI

El registro de usuarios de prueba fluye de extremo a extremo, incluso cuando los CAPTCHA bloquean tu automatización de pruebas.

Por qué las pruebas de registro necesitan resolver CAPTCHA

Los formularios de registro casi siempre están protegidos con CAPTCHA para evitar cuentas de bot. Los equipos de control de calidad deben:

Verificar que el flujo de registro funcione en puesta en escena y producción.
Pruebe casos extremos (correo electrónico duplicado, contraseña débil, campos faltantes)
Ejecute pruebas de regresión en cada implementación
Validar que la colocación de CAPTCHA no rompa el formulario

Arquitectura de prueba

┌──────────┐     ┌───────────────┐     ┌────────────┐     ┌────────────┐
│ Test Data │────▶│ Fill Form +   │────▶│ Solve      │────▶│ Verify     │
│ Generator │     │ Edge Cases    │     │ CAPTCHA    │     │ Account    │
└──────────┘     └───────────────┘     └────────────┘     └────────────┘

Implementación

Generador de datos de prueba

import random
import string
import time


class TestUser:
    def __init__(self, prefix="test"):
        ts = int(time.time())
        rand = ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_lowercase, k=4))
        self.first_name = f"{prefix}_{rand}"
        self.last_name = "User"
        self.email = f"{prefix}_{ts}_{rand}@testmail.example.com"
        self.username = f"{prefix}_{ts}_{rand}"
        self.password = f"Test!{ts}{rand.upper()}"

    def as_dict(self):
        return {
            "first_name": self.first_name,
            "last_name": self.last_name,
            "email": self.email,
            "username": self.username,
            "password": self.password,
        }

Probador de registro

import time
import requests
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC


class CaptchaSolver:
    BASE = "https://ocr.captchaai.com"

    def __init__(self, api_key):
        self.api_key = api_key

    def solve_recaptcha(self, sitekey, pageurl):
        return self._solve({
            "method": "userrecaptcha",
            "googlekey": sitekey,
            "pageurl": pageurl,
        })

    def solve_turnstile(self, sitekey, pageurl):
        return self._solve({
            "method": "turnstile",
            "sitekey": sitekey,
            "pageurl": pageurl,
        })

    def _solve(self, params, initial_wait=10):
        params["key"] = self.api_key
        params["json"] = 1
        resp = requests.post(f"{self.BASE}/in.php", data=params).json()
        if resp["status"] != 1:
            raise Exception(resp["request"])
        task_id = resp["request"]
        time.sleep(initial_wait)
        for _ in range(60):
            result = requests.get(
                f"{self.BASE}/res.php",
                params={"key": self.api_key, "action": "get", "id": task_id, "json": 1},
            ).json()
            if result["request"] == "CAPCHA_NOT_READY":
                time.sleep(5)
                continue
            if result["status"] == 1:
                return result["request"]
            raise Exception(result["request"])
        raise TimeoutError("Timed out")


class RegistrationTester:
    def __init__(self, api_key, base_url):
        self.solver = CaptchaSolver(api_key)
        self.base_url = base_url
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10)
        self.results = []

    def _fill(self, selector, value):
        el = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, selector)))
        el.clear()
        el.send_keys(value)

    def _solve_captcha(self):
        html = self.driver.page_source
        page_url = self.driver.current_url

        # Turnstile
        turnstile = self.driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".cf-turnstile")
        if turnstile:
            sitekey = turnstile[0].get_attribute("data-sitekey")
            token = self.solver.solve_turnstile(sitekey, page_url)
            self.driver.execute_script(
                f'document.querySelector("[name=cf-turnstile-response]").value = "{token}";'
            )
            return

        # reCAPTCHA
        recaptcha = self.driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "[data-sitekey]")
        if recaptcha and "recaptcha" in html.lower():
            sitekey = recaptcha[0].get_attribute("data-sitekey")
            token = self.solver.solve_recaptcha(sitekey, page_url)
            self.driver.execute_script(
                f'document.querySelector("[name=g-recaptcha-response]").value = "{token}";'
            )

    def _get_errors(self):
        """Collect any visible error messages on the page."""
        error_selectors = [
            ".error", ".alert-danger", ".form-error",
            "[role='alert']", ".validation-error",
        ]
        errors = []
        for sel in error_selectors:
            for el in self.driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, sel):
                text = el.text.strip()
                if text:
                    errors.append(text)
        return errors

    def _check_success(self):
        """Check if registration succeeded."""
        html = self.driver.page_source.lower()
        url = self.driver.current_url.lower()
        success_indicators = [
            "welcome", "account created", "verify your email",
            "registration successful", "thank you for registering",
        ]
        return any(ind in html or ind in url for ind in success_indicators)

    # --- Test Cases ---

    def test_valid_registration(self):
        """Test: Valid registration should succeed."""
        user = TestUser()
        self.driver.get(f"{self.base_url}/register")

        self._fill("[name='firstName'], #first-name", user.first_name)
        self._fill("[name='lastName'], #last-name", user.last_name)
        self._fill("[name='email'], #email", user.email)
        self._fill("[name='username'], #username", user.username)
        self._fill("[name='password'], #password", user.password)

        confirm_fields = self.driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "[name='confirmPassword'], #confirm-password")
        if confirm_fields:
            confirm_fields[0].clear()
            confirm_fields[0].send_keys(user.password)

        self._solve_captcha()

        self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button[type='submit']").click()
        time.sleep(3)

        success = self._check_success()
        self.results.append({
            "test": "valid_registration",
            "passed": success,
            "user": user.email,
            "errors": self._get_errors() if not success else [],
        })
        return success

    def test_duplicate_email(self):
        """Test: Duplicate email should show error."""
        user = TestUser()

        # First registration
        self.driver.get(f"{self.base_url}/register")
        self._fill("[name='email'], #email", user.email)
        self._fill("[name='password'], #password", user.password)
        self._fill("[name='firstName'], #first-name", user.first_name)
        self._solve_captcha()
        self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button[type='submit']").click()
        time.sleep(3)

        # Second registration with same email
        self.driver.get(f"{self.base_url}/register")
        self._fill("[name='email'], #email", user.email)
        self._fill("[name='password'], #password", user.password)
        self._fill("[name='firstName'], #first-name", "Duplicate")
        self._solve_captcha()
        self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button[type='submit']").click()
        time.sleep(3)

        errors = self._get_errors()
        has_error = len(errors) > 0 or not self._check_success()
        self.results.append({
            "test": "duplicate_email",
            "passed": has_error,
            "errors": errors,
        })
        return has_error

    def test_weak_password(self):
        """Test: Weak password should be rejected."""
        user = TestUser()
        self.driver.get(f"{self.base_url}/register")

        self._fill("[name='email'], #email", user.email)
        self._fill("[name='password'], #password", "123")  # Weak password
        self._fill("[name='firstName'], #first-name", user.first_name)
        self._solve_captcha()
        self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button[type='submit']").click()
        time.sleep(3)

        errors = self._get_errors()
        rejected = len(errors) > 0 or not self._check_success()
        self.results.append({
            "test": "weak_password",
            "passed": rejected,
            "errors": errors,
        })
        return rejected

    def run_all(self):
        """Run all registration tests."""
        tests = [
            self.test_valid_registration,
            self.test_duplicate_email,
            self.test_weak_password,
        ]
        for test_fn in tests:
            try:
                test_fn()
            except Exception as e:
                self.results.append({
                    "test": test_fn.__name__,
                    "passed": False,
                    "errors": [str(e)],
                })
        return self.results

    def report(self):
        passed = sum(1 for r in self.results if r["passed"])
        total = len(self.results)
        lines = [f"Registration Tests: {passed}/{total} passed", "-" * 40]
        for r in self.results:
            status = "PASS" if r["passed"] else "FAIL"
            lines.append(f"  [{status}] {r['test']}")
            if r.get("errors"):
                for err in r["errors"]:
                    lines.append(f"         {err}")
        return "\n".join(lines)

    def close(self):
        self.driver.quit()

Uso

tester = RegistrationTester("YOUR_API_KEY", "https://staging.example.com")

try:
    tester.run_all()
    print(tester.report())
finally:
    tester.close()

Salida:

Registration Tests: 3/3 passed
----------------------------------------
  [PASS] valid_registration
  [PASS] duplicate_email
  [PASS] weak_password

Integración con pytest

import pytest


@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def tester():
    t = RegistrationTester("YOUR_API_KEY", "https://staging.example.com")
    yield t
    t.close()


def test_valid_registration(tester):
    assert tester.test_valid_registration(), "Valid registration should succeed"


def test_duplicate_email_rejected(tester):
    assert tester.test_duplicate_email(), "Duplicate email should be rejected"


def test_weak_password_rejected(tester):
    assert tester.test_weak_password(), "Weak password should be rejected"

Solución de problemas

Problema	causa	Solución
El registro se realizó correctamente pero la prueba dice que falló	El indicador de éxito no coincide	Agregue el texto de éxito de su sitio a `_check_success()`
CAPTCHA no detectado	CAPTCHA se carga después de un retraso	Añadir `time.sleep(2)` antes de `_solve_captcha()`
Campos no encontrados	Estructura HTML diferente	Actualice los selectores de CSS para su sitio
Token caducado	Resuelto demasiado pronto	Acerque `_solve_captcha()` para enviar

Preguntas frecuentes

¿Cómo pruebo el registro en sitios que no me pertenecen?

Esta guía es para probar sus propias aplicaciones. Automatiza el registro solo en sitios que tengas permiso para probar.

¿Puedo ejecutar estas pruebas en CI/CD?

Sí. Utilice Chrome en modo headless (options.add_argument("--headless")) y configure la clave API como una variable de entorno de CI.

¿Cómo limpio cuentas de prueba?

Agregue un paso de desmontaje que elimine cuentas de prueba a través de su API de administrador o use una convención de nomenclatura (test_*) para una fácil identificación y limpieza masiva.

Guías relacionadas

Envío de formulario automatizado
Referencia rápida de API

Prueba flujos de registro sin CAPTCHA como bloqueo. Usa CaptchaAI.

Manejo de CAPTCHA en las pruebas de flujo de registro